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The Founding of Syracuse (734 BCE) - A Corinthian Colony in Sicily
In 734 BCE, Greek colonists from the city-state of Corinth, led by the oikist (founder) Archias, established the settlement of Syracuse (Greek: Syrakousai) on the southeastern coast of Sicily. This event was part of the larger wave of Greek colonization known as the Great Greek Colonization (8th-6th centuries BCE), during which Greek city-states expanded across the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions.
Corinth, a powerful maritime city in mainland Greece, sought to expand its influence, secure trade routes, and alleviate population pressures by founding colonies. Sicily, with its fertile lands and strategic position in the central Mediterranean, was a prime target. Syracuse was established near the Ortygia peninsula, which provided a natural harbor and defensive advantages.
Initially, Syracuse maintained close ties with Corinth, relying on its mother city for political guidance, trade, and military support. However, like many Greek colonies, Syracuse gradually grew in power and independence. It became one of the most important cities in Magna Graecia (Greater Greece), eventually surpassing Corinth in wealth and influence.
Syracuse's founding marked the beginning of Greek dominance in Sicily, shaping the island's history for centuries. It remained a major power until its eventual conquest by Rome in 212 BCE during the Second Punic War.
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